To Read Effectively You Must Preview and Review Everything That You Readã¢â‚¬â€¹ True False

3.three: Reading Strategies - Previewing

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City College of San Francisco via ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative

Pre-reading Strategies

The few minutes yous spend preparing Earlier reading any difficult material can motivate yous to read it, as well as increase your ability to empathize and retrieve what you read. Think nearly information technology similar this: when yous are driving to a new place, you would probably wait at a map first (or at to the lowest degree turn on your GPS) so yous don't waste time getting lost. Similarly, when you approach a new academic reading, information technology's best to use the 4P's ( purpose, preview, prior cognition, and predict) so you don't struggle as much to effigy out what the authors desire to say or how they program to say it. Preparing to read can also assistance you lot approximate how long you'll take to read so you lot can plan your time more than efficiently.

Reading Strategy: Previewing

What It Is

Previewing is a strategy that readers use to recall prior knowledge and prepare a purpose for reading. Information technology calls for readers to skim a text before reading, looking for various features and information that will help every bit they render to read it in detail later.

Why Utilize Information technology

According to research, previewing a text tin amend comprehension (Graves, Cooke, & LaBerge, 1983, cited in Paris et al., 1991).

Previewing a text helps readers prepare for what they are about to read and set a purpose for reading.

The genre determines the reader's methods for previewing:

Readers preview nonfiction to discover out what they know virtually the discipline and what they want to find out. Information technology too helps them understand how an writer has organized data.
Readers preview biographies to determine something about the person in the biography, the fourth dimension flow, and some possible places and events in the life of the person.
Readers preview fiction to determine characters, setting, and plot. They also preview to make predictions about story'southward bug and solutions.

When To Utilize It

Previewing is a strategy readers use before and during reading.

How To Use Information technology

When readers preview a text before they read, they commencement inquire themselves whether the text is fiction or nonfiction.

If the text is fiction or biography, readers look at the title, chapter headings, introductory notes, and illustrations for a improve understanding of the content and possible settings or events.
If the text is nonfiction, readers expect at text features and illustrations (and their captions) to determine subject matter and to call back prior cognition, to decide what they know about the subject. Previewing besides helps readers figure out what they don't know and what they want to observe out.

How to Preview

Previewing a text is similar to watching a movie preview.

Think of previewing a text as similar to watching a movie trailer. A successful preview for either a picture show or a reading experience will capture what the overall work is going to be almost, by and large what expectations the audience can have of the experience to come, how the piece is structured, and what kinds of patterns will sally.

Previewing engages your prior experience and asks you to think about what you lot already know about this subject affair, or this author, or this publication. Then anticipate what new information might be alee of you when yous return to read this text more closely.

Specific Previewing Strategies

KWL+

KWL+ is a uncomplicated strategy that is both a reading-writing strategy, as well equally an overall structure for research papers. Thousand stands for "What I K now". W stands for "What I W pismire to Know." L stands for "What I L earned." + stands for "What I Even so ( + ) Want to Know.

Exercise \(\PageIndex{ane}\)

After a brief review of the topic y'all will be reading almost, on a piece of newspaper, create a tabular array similar the one beneath with the topic at the top of the folio. Write down what you already know well-nigh the topic in the K column and what you want to larn in the W column. Apply the "K" column every bit an "into the reading" activity and the "W" column as a guide for what yous volition look for equally you lot read near the topic. After you have done your research or reading, write downward what you learned in the "Fifty" column. And then -- at the end of the enquiry process or when you are done reading -- write down what you lot still want to know in the "+" column. This becomes a recursive process (routine) in which the "+" tin then become the base of operations for the next round of your inquiry.

Topic: _________________________________________________________________

Chiliad (What I Know)	W (What I Want to Know)	Fifty (What I Learned)	+ (What I Still Want to Know)

: Topic: _________________________________________________________________

The four "P"s: Purpose, Preview, Prior Noesis, Predict

1. Purpose: Determining your reading goals can help motivate you to read. It volition also make up one's mind how carefully you lot need to read and what reading strategies you tin can use.

Are y'all looking for full general main ideas or specific details, or both?
Are you going to discuss what you read in form, take a test, utilize what you read in an essay? Or are you lot only reading for pleasure?
How does this reading task tie into the unit or the whole form?

2. Preview: Spend a few minutes looking at visual clues to the writer's central idea, supporting points, and system of ideas. Depending on the type of reading, look at some, or all, of the following elements:

Title
Introductory data most the author and/or selection
First and last paragraphs
First sentence of body paragraphs
Headings and subheadings
Italics, assuming print , numbers, symbols
Comprehension questions or, other after-reading consignment

3. Prior Knowledge: What exercise you already know about this topic? Using your ain background knowledge and experiences can help stimulate your interest and increase your comprehension.

4. Predict: After previewing a text, a reader can brainstorm to make guesses about what the author wants to say. These predictions are important in motivating y'all and keep you lot focused while reading.

Use the SQ3R Strategy

One strategy you lot can utilise to become a more active, engaged reader is the SQ3R strategy, a pace-by-step process to follow before, during, and after reading. You lot may already exist using some variation of information technology. In essence, the process works like this:

1. Survey the text in advance.

ii. Form questions before you start reading.

three. Read the text.

iv. Recite and/or record important points during and after reading.

v. Review and reflect on the text subsequently you read.

Before reading, survey -- or preview -- the text. As noted before, reading introductory paragraphs and headings tin can help you figure out the text's chief point and identify what important topics volition be covered. Yet, surveying does not stop there. Look over sidebars, photographs, and any other text or graphic features that catch your eye. Skim a few paragraphs. Preview whatever boldfaced or italicized vocabulary terms. This will assistance you lot form a first impression of the material.

Next, start brainstorming questions about the text. What do y'all expect to learn from the reading? You may notice that some questions come to heed immediately based on your initial survey or based on previous readings and grade discussions. If non, endeavor using headings and subheadings in the text to formulate questions. For instance, if 1 heading i your textbook reads "Medicare and Medicaid," you might ask yourself:

When was Medicare and Medicaid legislation enacted? Why?
What are the major differences betwixt these two programs?

Although some of your questions may exist simple factual questions, try to come with a few that are ore open-ended. Asking in-depth questions will help you lot stay more engaged as y'all read.

The next step is uncomplicated: read. Equally yous read, notice whether your showtime impressions of the text were correct. Are the author'due south main points and overall arroyo almost the same as what y'all predicted--or does the text comprise a few surprises? Likewise, look for answers to your earlier questions and brainstorm forming new questions. Go along to revise your impressions and questions as you read.

While you lot are reading, interruption occasionally to record/recite important points. Information technology is best to do this at the terminate of each department or where in that location is an obvious shift in the writer's train of idea. Put the book aside for a moment and recite aloud the principal points of the section or whatsoever important answers you found there. You might likewise tape ideas by jotting down a few brief notes in improver to, or instead of, reciting aloud. Either way, the concrete human activity of articulating information makes you lot more likely to remember it.

Later you take completed the reading, take some time to review the cloth more thoroughly. If the textbook includes review questions or your instructor has provided a study guide, use these tools to guide your review. You will want to record information in a more than detailed format than you did during reading (which would be an outline or a list).

As you review the material, reflect on what you learned. Did anything surprise you, upset yous, or brand y'all think? Did y'all find yourself strongly concur or disagreeing with whatsoever points in the text? What topics would yous like to explore further? Jot down your reflections in your notes. (Instructors sometimes require students to write brief response papers or maintain a reading periodical. Employ these assignments to help you reflect on what you read.)

The video below explains a trivial more about the SQ3R strategy.

Exercise \(\PageIndex{1}\)

Choose another text that you take been assigned to read for a class. Utilise the SQ3R process to complete the reading. (Go along in mind that y'all may need to spread the reading over more one sesion, especially if the text is long.)

Exist sure to complete all the steps involved. Then, reflect o due north how helpful you found this procedure. On a scale of one to ten, how useful did you discover it? How does it compare with other written report techniques you have used?

Use Other Agile Reading Strategies

The SQ3R procedure encompasses a number of valuable active reading strategies: previewing a text, making predictions, asking and answering quesitons, and summarizing. You lot tin can use the following additional strategies to farther deepen your understanding of what y'all read.

Connect what you read to what you lot already know. Look for ways the reading supports, extends, or challenges concepts you lot have learned elsewhere.
Chronicle the reading to your own life. What statements, people, or situations relate to your personal experiences?
Visualize. For both fiction and nonfiction texts, try to picture what is described. Visualizing is peculiarly helpful when y'all are readinga narrative text, such as a novel or a historical account, or when y'all read expository texts that describes a process, such equally how to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
Pay attending to graphics a well equally text. Photographs, diagrams, period charts, tables, and other graphics can help make abstract ideas more physical and understandable.
Empathize the text in context. Understanding context means thinking about who wrote the text, when and where it was written, the author's purpose in writing it, and what assumptions or agendas influenced the writer's ideas. For instance, ii writers accost the field of study of health care reform, but if one commodity is an opinion slice and ane is a news story, the rhetorical context is different.
Plan to talk or write about what you read. Jot down a few questions or comments in your notebook and then y'all can bring them up in grade. (This also gives y'all a source of topic ideas for papers and presentations afterward in the semester.) Discuss the reading on a course discussion board or web log about it.

Boosted Strategies

Following are some strategies you tin can use to enhance your reading even further:

Stride yourself. Effigy out how much time yous have to complete the assignment. Separate the assignment into smaller blocks rather than trying to read the unabridged assignment in one sitting. If yous have a calendar week to do the assignment, for example, split the piece of work into 5 daily blocks, not seven; that manner y'all won't be behind if something comes upward to prevent yous from doing your work on a given twenty-four hours. If everything works out on schedule, you lot'll end upward with an extra day for review.
Schedule your reading. Set aside blocks of fourth dimension, preferably at the time of the day when you lot are most alert, to do your reading assignments. Don't just go out them for the end of the solar day afterward completing written and other assignments.
Get yourself in the right space. Choose to read in a quiet, well-lit space. Your chair should be comfortable but provide good back up. Libraries were designed for reading—they should exist your first option! Don't use your bed for reading textbooks; since the time you were read bedtime stories, y'all have probably associated reading in bed with preparation for sleeping. The combination of the cozy bed, comforting memories, and dry text is sure to invite some close-center!
Avoid distractions. Active reading takes place in your short-term retentivity. Every fourth dimension yous move from task to task, yous have to "reboot" your short-term retentiveness and y'all lose the continuity of active reading. Multitasking—listening to music or texting on your jail cell phone while you read—will cause y'all to lose your place and strength you to start over once more. Every fourth dimension you lose focus, you cutting your effectiveness and increase the amount of fourth dimension y'all need to complete the assignment.
Avoid reading fatigue. Work for well-nigh l minutes, and and so give yourself a break for five to ten minutes. Put down the book, walk around, get a snack, stretch, or practise some deep knee bends. Short physical activity volition do wonders to assistance you feel refreshed.
Read your most difficult assignments early in your reading time, when yous are freshest.
Make your reading interesting. Try connecting the material you are reading with your class lectures or with other capacity. Inquire yourself where you disagree with the author. Approach finding answers to your questions like an investigative reporter. Carry on a mental conversation with the writer.
Highlight your reading material. Most readers tend to highlight as well much, hiding central ideas in a sea of xanthous lines, making it hard to pick out the chief points when it is fourth dimension to review. When it comes to highlighting, less is more than. Call back critically before you highlight. Your choices will have a big impact on what you study and learn for the course. Make it your objective to highlight no more than 15-25% of what you read. Use highlighting after you lot take read a department to note the virtually of import points, cardinal terms, and concepts. You tin can't know what the virtually important thing is unless you've read the whole section, and then don't highlight as y'all read.
Comment your reading fabric. Marking up your book may go against what you lot were told in high school when the school endemic the books and expected to use them year subsequently twelvemonth. In college, you bought the book. Get in truly yours. Although some students may tell you that you can get more cash past selling a used book that is non marked upwards, this should non be a concern at this time—that's not well-nigh equally important as understanding the reading and doing well in the class!
The purpose of mark your textbook is to make information technology your personal studying assistant with the fundamental ideas called out in the text. Utilise your pencil also to brand annotations in the margin. Use a symbol similar an assertion mark (!) or an asterisk (*) to mark an thought that is particularly important. Use a question mark (?) to betoken something you lot don't understand or are unclear about. Box new words, then write a short definition in the margin. Use "TQ" (for "examination question") or some other shorthand or symbol to betoken fundamental things that may announced in test or quiz questions. Write personal notes on items where you disagree with the author. Don't experience you lot have to use the symbols listed here; create your own if y'all want, but be consequent. Your notes won't assistance you if the first question you subsequently have is "I wonder what I meant by that?"

Watch the post-obit video on annotating texts:

Go to Know the Conventions. Bookish texts, like scientific studies and journal manufactures, may have sections that are new to yous. If y'all're not certain what an "abstract" is, inquiry it online or inquire your instructor. Agreement the significant and purpose of such conventions is not only helpful for reading comprehension merely for writing, as well.
Expect up and Proceed Track of Unfamiliar Terms and Phrases. Have a good college lexicon such as Merriam-Webster handy (or find it online) when you read complex academic texts, and so you tin look up the pregnant of unfamiliar words and terms. Many textbooks too contain glossaries or "key terms" sections at the ends of chapters or the finish of the volume. Many books bachelor on an eastward-reader accept definitions already embedded if you highlight the unknown word. If you can't find the words y'all're looking for in a standard dictionary, you may need ane peculiarly written for a particular discipline. For example, a medical dictionary would be a skilful resources for a course in anatomy and physiology. If y'all circumvolve or underline terms and phrases that appear repeatedly, you lot'll have a visual reminder to review and learn them. Repetition helps to lock in these new words and to get their pregnant into long-term memory, then the more y'all review them, the more you'll understand and feel comfy using them.
Make Flashcards. If yous are studying sure words for a test, or you know that certain phrases will be used frequently in a course or field, endeavor making flashcards for review. For each fundamental term, write the word on one side of an alphabetize card and the definition on the other. Drill yourself, and then ask your friends to help quiz you. Developing a stiff vocabulary is similar to almost hobbies and activities. Fifty-fifty experts in a field continue to encounter and adopt new words.

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Source: https://human.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Writing_Reading_and_College_Success%3A_A_First-Year_Composition_Course_for_All_Learners_(Kashyap_and_Dyquisto)/03%3A_The_Reading-Writing_Connection/3.03%3A_Reading_Strategies_-_Previewing