How Many People Were in Hitlers Family Back Then

Relatives and ancestors of Adolf Hitler

Hitler family
Earlier spellings	Hiedler, Hüttler[i]
Identify of origin	Republic of austria
Members	Adolf Hitler Alois Hitler Paula Hitler Angela Hitler William Patrick Hitler Heinz Hitler
Traditions	Roman Catholics

The Hitler family comprises the relatives and ancestors of Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945), an Austrian-built-in German politician and the leader of the Nazi Party. He was the dictator of Germany, belongings the title Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and was besides head of land as Führer und Reichskanzler from 1934 to 1945. He is noted for his central role in the rise of Nazism in Germany, provoking the start of Earth State of war II, and holding ultimate responsibility for the deaths of many millions of people during the Holocaust.

The family has long been of interest to historians and genealogists because of the biological uncertainty of Hitler's paternal grandfather, also as the family's inter-relationships and their psychological effect on Hitler during his childhood and later life.

Etymology [edit]

Earlier Adolf Hitler'due south nativity, his family used many variations of the family surname "Hitler" almost interchangeably. Some of the mutual variants were Hitler, Hiedler, Hüttler, Hytler, and Hittler.^[2] The proper name may be a spelling variation of the name Hiedler, meaning one who resides by a Hiedl, a term for a subterranean fountain or river in Austro-Bavarian German dialects.^[3] Or the Hitler surname may be based on "one who lives in a hut" (German Hütte for "hut").^[4] Alois Schicklgruber (Adolf'due south father) changed his surname on 7 January 1877 to "Hitler", which was the just form of the final name that his son Adolf used.^[5]

Family history [edit]

The family is of Austrian German language ethnicity.^[6]

Earliest family members [edit]

The known beginning of the Hitler family is with Stefan Hiedler (born 1672) and Agnes Capeller, whose grandson Martin Hiedler (17 November 1762 – 10 January 1829) married Anna Maria Göschl (23 August 1760 – 7 December 1854). This couple had at to the lowest degree iii children, Lorenz (1800–1861), Johann Georg (baptised 28 February 1792 – 9 February 1857), and Johann Nepomuk (xix March 1807 – 17 September 1888). Johann Georg was the stepfather of Alois Schicklgruber (later on Hitler), who was Adolf Hitler'southward male parent, and Johann Nepomuk was the time to come Führer's maternal great-grandfather. In that location is no additional information about Lorenz Hiedler.^[v] The Hiedlers were from Spital, function of Weitra in Republic of austria.^[7]

Johann Georg and Johann Nepomuk [edit]

Brothers Johann Georg and Johann Nepomuk Hiedler are associated with Adolf Hitler in several ways, although the biological relationship is disputed.

Johann Georg was legitimized and considered the officially accepted paternal grandfather of Hitler by Nazi Germany. Whether he was actually Hitler's biological paternal grandfather remains unknown.^[8] He married his first wife in 1824, but she died in childbirth 5 months later. In 1842, he married Maria Anna Schicklgruber (15 April 1795 – 7 January 1847) and became the legal stepfather to her illegitimate five-yr-old son, Alois.

Around historic period ten, near the time of his mother's death, Alois went to live with Johann Nepomuk on his farm.^[9] Johann Nepomuk Hiedler (likewise known equally Johann Nepomuk Hüttler) was named after a Bohemian saint, Johann von Nepomuk, an important saint for Bohemians of both German and Czech ethnicity. Johann Nepomuk became a relatively prosperous farmer and was married to Eva Maria Decker (1792–1873), who was fifteen years his senior.

The Nazis issued a pamphlet during the 1932 second elections campaign titled "Facts and Lies about Hitler" which refuted the rumour spread by the S.P.D. and Center Political party that Hitler had Czech ancestors.^[10] There is no evidence that any of Hitler'southward ancestors were of Czech origin.^[eleven]

Father of Alois Hitler [edit]

The identity of the biological father of Alois is disputed. Legally, Johann Georg Hiedler, an itinerant miller, was the pace-male parent of Alois Schicklgruber (later Alois Hitler), and Johann Georg's brother Johann Nepomuk Hiedler was therefore the pace-uncle of Alois.^[12] Johann Nepomuk adopted Alois informally during Alois' childhood and raised him. Information technology is possible that he was, in fact, the natural father of Alois but could not acknowledge this publicly due to his marriage. A possibly simpler explanation is that he pitied the ten-year-old Alois after the death of the boy'southward mother Maria, every bit it could hardly have been a suitable life for a 10-year-old kid to be raised by an itinerant miller. Johann Nepomuk died on 17 September 1888 and willed Alois a considerable portion of his life savings.

It was later claimed that Johann Georg had fathered Alois prior to his marriage to Maria, although Alois had been declared illegitimate on his nascence document and baptism papers. The merits that Johann Georg was the true begetter of Alois was not made during the lifetime of either Johann Georg or Maria. In 1877, xx years after the death of Johann Georg and almost 30 years after the decease of Maria, Alois was legally declared to have been Johann Georg's son. Johann Nepomuk arranged to change the surname of Alois to "Hitler" and to have Johann Georg declared the biological father of Alois in 1876. Johann Nepomuk collected three witnesses (his son-in-police force and two others) who testified before a notary in Weitra that Johann Georg had several times stated in their presence that he was the actual begetter of Alois and wanted to make Alois his legitimate son and heir. The parish priest in Döllersheim, where the original birth certificate of Alois resided, altered the nascency register. Alois was 39 years old at the time and was well-known in the community every bit Alois Schicklgruber.^{[notes 1]}

Accordingly, Johann Georg Hiedler is one of three people often cited as having possibly been the biological grandfather of Adolf Hitler. The other two are Johann Nepomuk and a Graz Jew by the name of Leopold Frankenberger (rumored by Hans Frank during the Nuremberg Trials). This tertiary possibility became popular among historians in the 1950s, but modern historians accept ended that Frank's speculation has no factual support. Frank said that Maria came from "Leonding most Linz", when in fact she came from the village of Strones, almost the village of Döllersheim. No evidence has ever been found that a "Frankenberger" lived in the expanse; the Jews were expelled from Styria (which includes Graz) during the 15th century and were not permitted to render until the 1860s, several decades after the nascency of Alois.^{[xiii] [14] [notes ii]} Although Alois was legitimized and Johann Georg was considered the officially accepted paternal granddaddy of Hitler by the Third Reich, whether he was Hitler's biological grandfather remains unknown, which has caused speculation.^{[notes 3] [15] [16]} However, his case is considered the virtually plausible and widely accepted.^[8]

Pölzl family [edit]

Johanna Hiedler, the girl of Johann Nepomuk and Eva Hiedler (née Decker) was born on 19 January 1830 in Spital (part of Weitra) in the Waldviertel of Lower Austria. She lived her entire life there and was married to Johann Baptist Pölzl (1825–1901), a farmer and son of Johann Pölzl and Juliana (Walli) Pölzl. Johanna and Johann had 5 sons and 6 daughters, of whom 2 sons and 3 daughters survived into machismo, the 3 daughters being Klara, Johanna, and Theresia. Klara'southward brothers' identities are unknown.

1870s [edit]

At the age of 36, Alois Hitler was married for the get-go fourth dimension, to Anna Glasl-Hörer, who was a wealthy, 50-year-sometime daughter of a customs official. She was sick when Alois married her and was either an invalid or became one soon afterwards. Non long later the wedding, Alois Hitler began an thing with 19-year-former Franziska "Fanni" Matzelsberger, i of the young female servants employed at the Pommer Inn, house No. 219, in the metropolis of Braunau am Inn, where he was renting the meridian floor as a lodging. Smith states that Alois had numerous diplomacy during the 1870s, resulting in his married woman initiating legal activeness. On vii November 1880 Alois and Anna separated by common agreement. Franziska Matzelsberger became the 43-yr-quondam Hitler's girlfriend, simply the two could not marry since by Roman Catholic canon law divorce is non permitted.

1880s [edit]

On 13 Jan 1882, Franziska Matzelsberger gave birth to Alois Hitler's illegitimate son, likewise named Alois. As his parents were not married, the male child was named Alois Matzelsberger. Alois Hitler remained with Franziska while his wife, Anna, grew sicker and died on 6 Apr 1883. The side by side month, on 22 May, in a ceremony in Braunau with fellow customs officials equally witnesses, Alois Hitler, 45, married Franziska Matzelsberger, 21. Alois then legitimized his son with Franziska, renaming him Alois Hitler Jr.,^[17] who later on became a Berlin restaurateur.^[18] Matzelsberger went to Vienna to requite nascence to Angela Hitler. When Franziska was only 23 years sometime, she acquired a lung disorder and became too ill to function. She was relocated to Ranshofen, a small village nearly Braunau.

In 1876, iii years after Alois' matrimony to Anna Glasl-Hörer, he had hired Klara Pölzl as a household servant. Klara was the 16-year-quondam granddaughter of Alois' step-uncle (and possible biological uncle or father), Johann Nepomuk Hiedler. After Franziska demanded that the "servant girl" observe some other job, Alois sent Klara away. However, Klara returned to Alois and Franziska'southward home during the last months of Franziska's life, to treat her and her two children, every bit she was an invalid.^[19] Franziska Matzelsberger died in Ranshofen on 10 August 1884 at the historic period of 23. Subsequently Franziska's death, Klara Pölzl stayed on equally housekeeper.^[19]

Klara Pölzl before long became pregnant. Her family human relationship with Alois was cryptic. If Johann Georg Hiedler were Alois Hitler's biological father, Klara would be Alois' first cousin one time removed; if Johann Nepomuk were Alois Hitler's biological begetter, Klara would be Alois' half-niece. Smith writes that if he had been free to do as he wished, Alois would take married Klara immediately, but because of the affidavit regarding his paternity, Alois was now legally Klara's first cousin in one case removed, and so too close to marry. Alois submitted an appeal to the church for a humanitarian waiver.^{[notes 4]} Permission was granted, and on 7 Jan 1885 the wedding took identify in Hitler's rented rooms on the top floor of the Pommer Inn. A repast was served to the few guests and witnesses. Alois then went to piece of work for the residue of the day. Even Klara found the hymeneals to exist a brief ceremony. Throughout the spousal relationship, she continued to call him uncle.

On 17 May 1885, five months after the wedding, the new Frau Klara Hitler gave nascency to Gustav, her starting time child with Alois Hitler. One year later, on 25 September 1886, she gave birth to a daughter, Ida. The third child, Otto, was born non long after Ida, in 1887,^{[notes 5]} just died days afterward.^{[xx] [21] [22]} In the wintertime of 1887–88, both Gustav and Ida died of diphtheria, eight December and 2 January, respectively. By then, Klara and Alois had been married for three years, and all their children were dead, but the children he had with Franziska Matzelsberger, Alois Jr. and Angela, survived. On 20 Apr 1889, Klara gave nascency to Adolf Hitler.

1890s [edit]

Infant Adolf, son of Alois and Klara

Adolf was a sickly child, and his mother fretted over him. Alois, who was 51 years old when Adolf was born, had little interest in child rearing and left it to his married woman. When not at work he was typically either in a tavern or decorated with his hobby, beekeeping.

Besides in 1892, Alois was transferred from Braunau to Passau. He was 55, Klara 32, Alois Jr. 10, Angela 9, and Adolf 3 years old. In 1894, Alois Hitler was reassigned to Linz. Klara gave birth to their fifth child, Edmund, on 24 March 1894, and it was decided that she and the children would stay in Passau for the time being.

In Feb 1895, Alois Hitler purchased a house on a 3.vi hectare (9-acre) plot in Hafeld near Lambach, approximately 50 kilometers (xxx miles) southwest of Linz. The farm was chosen the Rauscher Gut. He relocated his family unit to the subcontract and retired on 25 June 1895 at the age of 58 afterward xl years in the customs service. He found farming difficult; he lost money, and the value of the property decreased. On 21 January 1896, his daughter Paula was born. Alois was ofttimes home with his family. He had five children ranging in historic period from infancy to fourteen; Smith suggests he yelled at the children frequently and made long visits to the local tavern. Robert G. 50. Waite noted, "Even 1 of his closest friends admitted that Alois was 'awfully rough' with his married woman Klara and hardly e'er spoke a discussion to her at home. If Hitler was in a bad mood, he picked on the older children or Klara herself, in front of the rest."

Later Alois and Alois Jr had a tearing argument, Alois Jr left home at 14, and the elder Alois swore he would never give the boy any inheritance more than what the constabulary required. Apparently Alois Jr'due south relations with his stepmother Klara were too difficult. After working as an apprentice waiter in the Shelbourne Hotel in Dublin, Ireland, Alois Jr was arrested for theft and served a five-month judgement in 1900, followed by a ix-calendar month sentence in 1902.

1900s [edit]

Edmund, the youngest Hitler boy, died of measles on two February 1900. Alois wanted his son Adolf to seek a career with the civil service. Co-ordinate to diverse interpretations, Adolf disliked the idea of a career spent enforcing piffling rules, and was perhaps so alienated from his father that he was repulsed past whatever Alois wanted. Alois tried to intimidate his son into obedience, but Adolf refused.

Alois Hitler died in 1903, leaving Klara a regime alimony. She sold the business firm in Leonding and relocated with immature Adolf and Paula to an apartment in Linz, where they lived frugally. By 1907, Klara had become very ill due to breast cancer. Despite continued medical treatment by her md, Eduard Bloch, Klara's status did non amend, and in October Bloch told Adolf her status was hopeless. Adolf wept when told that his female parent "had little gamble of surviving".^[23] Klara died at home in Linz on 21 December 1907. Adolf and Paula were left with some fiscal assistance from their mother's pension and her small estate of about 2,000 Kronen, afterwards the medical and funeral costs were paid.^[24] Klara was buried in Leonding. Hitler had a good relationship with his mother during her lifetime. He was distraught by her expiry and possibly grieved for the rest of his life. Speaking of Hitler, Bloch later recalled that after Klara's death he had never seen "anyone then prostrate with grief". Hitler wrote years after that his mother's death was a "dreadful blow".^[24]

On 14 September 1903^{[25] [26]} Angela Hitler, Adolf's half-sister, married Leo Raubal (xi June 1879 – ten August 1910), a inferior tax inspector, and on 12 Oct 1906 she gave birth to a son, Leo. On 4 June 1908 Angela gave birth to a daughter Geli and in 1910 to a second girl, Elfriede (Elfriede Maria Hochegger, 10 January 1910 – 24 September 1993).

1910s [edit]

In 1909, Alois Hitler Jr. met an Irish gaelic adult female by the name of Bridget Dowling at the Dublin Equus caballus Show. They eloped to London and married on 3 June 1910. William Dowling, Bridget's father, threatened to have Alois arrested for kidnapping, but Bridget dissuaded him. The couple settled in Liverpool, where their son William Patrick Hitler was born in 1911. The family lived in a flat at 102 Upper Stanhope Street. The house was destroyed in the terminal German air-raid on Liverpool on x January 1942. Nothing remains of the business firm or those that surrounded it, and the expanse was eventually cleared and grassed over. In her memoirs, Bridget Dowling claims that Adolf Hitler lived with them in Liverpool from 1912 to 1913 while he was on the run to avert existence conscripted in his native Austria-hungary, but historians dismiss this story equally a fiction invented to make the book more appealing to publishers.^[27] Alois attempted to brand money by managing a minor restaurant in Dale Street, a boarding house on Parliament Street and a hotel on Mount Pleasant, all of which failed. Alois Jr. left his family unit in May 1914 and he returned alone to the German Empire to establish himself in the prophylactic-razor business.

Paula had relocated to Vienna, where she worked equally a secretarial assistant. She did not communicate with Adolf Hitler during the menstruum comprising his difficult years as a painter in Vienna and later Munich, war machine service during the Start World State of war and early on political activities back in Munich. She was delighted to run across him once again in Vienna during the early 1920s, though she later claimed to have been privately distraught at his subsequent increasing fame.

First World War [edit]

When the Commencement World War began, Alois Jr. was in Germany and it was impossible for his wife and son to join him. He married another adult female, Hedwig Heidemann (or Hedwig Mickley^[28]), in 1916. Later on the state of war, a third political party informed Bridget mistakenly that he was dead.

At the beginning of the First World War, Adolf Hitler was a resident of Munich and volunteered to serve in the Bavarian Ground forces as an Austrian citizen.^[29] He was posted to the Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment xvi (1st Company of the List Regiment).^{[30] [29]} Hitler's instance was not exceptional as he was non the only Austrian soldier in the Listing Regiment. It is probable Hitler was accepted into the Bavarian regular army either simply because nobody had asked him whether he was a German language citizen when he outset volunteered or considering the recruiting authorities were happy to take any volunteer and simply did non care what Hitler'southward nationality was, or because he might accept told the Bavarian regime that he intended to become a German citizen.^[31]

Hitler (sitting far right) with his army comrades of the Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 (c. 1914–1918)

He served as a acceleration runner on the Western Front in French republic and Belgium,^[32] spending nearly half his time well behind the front lines.^{[33] [34]} He was present at the First Battle of Ypres, the Battle of the Somme, the Battle of Arras and the Battle of Passchendaele, and was wounded at the Somme.^[35]

He was decorated for bravery, receiving the Iron Cross, 2d Class, in 1914.^[35] Recommended by Hugo Gutmann, he received the Iron Cantankerous, Beginning Course, on four Baronial 1918,^[36] a decoration rarely awarded to one of Hitler's rank (Gefreiter). Hitler'due south mail service at regimental headquarters, providing frequent interactions with senior officers, may accept helped him receive this decoration.^[37] Though his rewarded actions may have been courageous, they were probably not very exceptional.^[38] He besides received the Black Wound Bluecoat on 18 May 1918.^[39]

During his service at the headquarters, Hitler pursued his artwork, drawing cartoons, and instructions for an army newspaper. During the Battle of the Somme in Oct 1916, he was wounded either in the groin area^[40] or the left thigh by a shell that had exploded in the acceleration runners' dugout.^[41]

Hitler spent nigh two months in the Blood-red Cross hospital at Beelitz, returning to his regiment on v March 1917.^[42] On 15 Oct 1918, he was temporarily blinded by a mustard gas set on and was hospitalised in Pasewalk.^[43] While there, Hitler learnt of Federal republic of germany's defeat,^[44] and—past his own business relationship—on receiving this news, he suffered a second bout of blindness.^[45]

Hitler became embittered almost Federal republic of germany's defeat, and his ideological development began.^[46] He described the war as "the greatest of all experiences", and was praised by his commanding officers for his bravery.^[47] The experience reinforced his passionate German patriotism and he was shocked by Federal republic of germany's capitulation in November 1918.^[48] Like other German nationalists, he believed in the Dolchstoßlegende (stab-in-the-back legend), which claimed that the German language army, "undefeated in the field", had been "stabbed in the back" on the home front end by civilian politicians and Marxists, afterward dubbed the "November criminals".^[49]

The Treaty of Versailles stipulated that Germany must relinquish several of its territories and demilitarise the Rhineland. The treaty imposed economic sanctions and levied big reparations on the country. Many Germans perceived the treaty—specially Article 231, which declared Germany responsible for the war—as a humiliation.^[50] The Versailles Treaty and the conditions in Germany after the war were later on exploited by Hitler for political gains.^[51]

1920s [edit]

On xiv March 1920, Heinrich "Heinz" Hitler was born to Alois Jr and his second wife, Hedwig Heidemann. In 1924, Alois Jr was prosecuted for bigamy, but acquitted due to Bridget's intervention on his behalf. His older son, William Patrick, stayed with Alois and his new family during his early on trips to Weimar Democracy Deutschland in the late 1920s and early on 1930s.

When Adolf was bars in Landsberg, Angela travelled from Vienna to visit him. Angela'southward daughters, Geli and Elfriede, accompanied their mother when she became Hitler's housekeeper in 1925; Geli Raubal was 17 at the fourth dimension and would spend the side by side six years in close contact with her half-uncle.^[52] Her mother was given a chore as housekeeper at the Berghof villa near Berchtesgaden in 1928.^[53] Geli relocated into Hitler's Munich apartment in 1929 when she enrolled in the Ludwig Maximilian University to study medicine. She did not complete her medical studies.^[54]

Hitler behaved in a domineering and possessive way with Geli.^[55] When he discovered she was having a human relationship with his chauffeur, Emil Maurice, he forced an end to the affair and dismissed Maurice from his personal service.^{[54] [56]} After that he did non allow her to associate freely with friends, and attempted to have himself or someone he trusted near her at all times, accompanying her while she shopped or attended movies or opera.^[55]

Adolf met Eva Braun, 23 years his inferior, at Heinrich Hoffmann'south photography studio in Munich in October 1929.^[57] He occasionally dated other women as well, including Hoffmann's girl, Henrietta, and Maria Reiter.^[58]

1930s [edit]

Hitler'south one-half-niece Geli Raubal committed suicide in 1931. Rumours immediately began in the media virtually a possible sexual relationship, and even murder.^{[54] [59]} Historian Ian Kershaw contends that stories which circulated at the fourth dimension alleging "sexual deviant practices ought to exist viewed as anti-Hitler propaganda".^[55]

Later having niggling advice with her blood brother Adolf, Paula was delighted to meet him again in Vienna during the early 1930s.^[60]

When the NSDAP won 107 seats in the Reich parliament in 1930, the Times Union in Albany, NY, published a statement of Alois Jr.^[61]

2d World State of war [edit]

As Hitler prepared for war, he became distant from his family. Angela and Adolf became estranged after she disapproved of Adolf'south relationship with Eva Braun, but eventually re-established communication during the war. Angela was his intermediary to the residuum of the family unit, because Adolf did not want communication with them. In 1941, she sold her memoirs of her years with Hitler to the Eher Verlag, which brought her 20,000 Reichsmark. Meanwhile, Alois Jr. continued to manage his restaurant throughout the duration of the state of war. He was arrested later past the British, just released when it became evident he had no role in his brother's regime.

A couple of Adolf's relatives served in Nazi Germany during the war. Adolf'south nephew Heinz was a fellow member of the Nazi Party. He attended an elite military university, the National Political Institutes of Education (Napola) in Ballenstedt/Saxony-Anhalt^[ane]. Aspiring to be an officer, Heinz joined the Heer (army) as a signals NCO with the 23rd Potsdamer Artillery Regiment in 1941, and he participated with the invasion of the USSR, Operation Barbarossa. On 10 January 1942, he was captured by Soviet forces and sent to the Moscow military prison Butyrka, where he died, aged 21, after interrogation and torture. He never married nor had children.

Adolf's other nephew, Leo Rudolf Raubal, was conscripted into the Luftwaffe. He was wounded in January 1943 during the Battle of Stalingrad,^[62] and Friedrich Paulus asked Hitler for an airplane to evacuate Raubal to Frg.^[63] Hitler refused and Raubal was captured by the Soviets on 31 January 1943. Hitler gave orders to check the possibility of a prisoner commutation with the Soviets for Stalin's son Yakov Dzhugashvili, who was in German captivity since 16 July 1941.^[64] Stalin refused to commutation him either for Raubal or for Friedrich Paulus,^[65] and said "war is war."^[66]

During the spring of 1945, later the destruction of Dresden in the massive bomb set on of xiii/14 February, Adolf relocated Angela to Berchtesgaden to avoid her existence captured by the Soviets. Also, he let her and his younger sister Paula accept more than 100,000 Reichsmark. Paula barely saw her brother during the war. There is some prove Paula shared her brother's strong German language nationalist beliefs, only she was non politically active and never joined the Nazi Party.^[67] During the ending days of the war, at the age of 49, she was driven to Berchtesgaden, Deutschland, apparently on the orders of Martin Bormann.

After midnight on the night of 28–29 Apr 1945, Adolf and Eva Braun were married in a small civil ceremony within the Führerbunker in Berlin.^[68] At the same location, on the following twenty-four hour period of 30 April, the couple committed suicide.^[69]

Post-2d World State of war [edit]

In Hitler'due south last will and attestation, he guaranteed Angela a pension of one,000 Reichsmark monthly. It is uncertain if she ever received any of this amount. Nevertheless, she spoke very well of him fifty-fifty after the state of war, and claimed that neither her blood brother nor she herself had known annihilation nigh the Holocaust. She declared that if Hitler had known what was going on in the concentration camps, he would have stopped them.

Adolf's sister Paula was arrested by US intelligence officers in May 1945 and debriefed later that yr.^[seventy] A transcript shows i of the agents remarking she bore a physical resemblance to her sibling. She told them the Soviets had confiscated her house in Austria, the Americans had expropriated her Vienna flat and that she was taking English lessons. She characterized her childhood relationship with her brother every bit one of both frequent bickering and strong affection. Paula said she could non believe her blood brother had been responsible for the Holocaust. She as well told them she had met Eva Braun simply in one case. Paula was released from American custody and returned to Vienna, where she lived on her savings for a time, then worked in an arts and crafts shop.

Other relatives of Hitler were appropriated by the Soviets. In May 1945, 5 of Hitler'southward relatives were arrested, his first cousins, Maria, Johann and Eduard Schmidt, along with Maria's husband Ignaz Koppensteiner, their son Adolf, and Johann Schmidt Jr., son of Maria and Eduard's deceased blood brother Johann. Koppensteiner was arrested by the Soviets on the footing that he "approved of [Hitler's] criminal plans against the USSR." He died in a Moscow prison house in 1949. Both Eduard and Maria died in Soviet custody in 1951 and 1953, respectively. Johann Jr. was released in 1955. These relatives were pardoned posthumously by Russia in 1997.^{[71] [72] [73]}

In 1952, Paula Hitler relocated to Berchtesgaden, reportedly living "in seclusion" in a two-room apartment as Paula Wolff. ("Wolf" was Adolf Hitler's self-adopted nickname.)^[74] During this time, she was cared for by former members of the SS and survivors of her brother'southward inner circle.^[70] In Feb 1959, she agreed to be interviewed by Peter Morley, a documentary producer for British idiot box station Associated-Rediffusion. The resulting conversation was the only filmed interview she e'er gave and was circulate as part of a programme named Tyranny: The Years of Adolf Hitler. She talked more often than not about Hitler'south childhood.

Angela died of a stroke on 30 October 1949. Her blood brother, Alois Jr., died on 20 May 1956 in Hamburg. At that fourth dimension, his name was Alois Hiller.^[75] Paula, Adolf'southward last surviving sibling, died on ane June 1960, at the historic period of 64.^[76]

Alleged children [edit]

Information technology is alleged that Hitler had a son, Jean-Marie Loret, with a Frenchwoman named Charlotte Lobjoie. Jean-Marie Loret was born in March 1918 and died in 1985, aged 67.^{[77] [ better source needed ]} Loret married several times, and had as many as nine children. His family'south lawyer has suggested that, if their descent from Hitler could be proven, they may be able to claim royalties for Hitler's book, Mein Kampf.^[78] All the same, several historians such every bit Anton Joachimsthaler,^[79] and Sir Ian Kershaw,^[80] say that Hitler's paternity is unlikely or impossible to prove. Nevertheless, it was noted that the ii shared a strong physical resemblance.^[81]

Angela married Leo Raubal Sr. (1879–1910). They had three children: Leo Rudolf Raubal Jr had ane son, Peter Raubal, in 1931;^{[ citation needed ]} Geli Raubal committed suicide without having ever had a child in 1931; and Elfriede Raubal who married Ernst Hochegger in 1937 and had a son, Heiner Hochegger, in 1945^{[ commendation needed ]} and a daughter.^[82]

Heinz Hitler, who was the son of Alois from his 2nd marriage, died in a Soviet military prison in 1942 without children.^{[ citation needed ]}

William Patrick Hitler, the son of Alois from his first marriage, married Phyllis Jean-Jacques in 1947 in the U.s.a., where they had four children. Too that twelvemonth, he changed his surname to Stuart-Houston; some have commented on its similarity with the name of the racialist writer Houston Stewart Chamberlain.^[83] Their children, Alexander Adolf Stuart-Houston (1949), Louis Stuart-Houston (1951), Howard Ronald Stuart-Houston (1957), and Brian William Stuart-Houston (1965), accept not had any children.^[84] But Howard, who died in a car crash in 1989, was e'er married.^{[ citation needed ]}

According to David Gardner, writer of 2001 book The Terminal of the Hitlers, "They didn't sign a pact, merely what they did is, they talked among themselves, talked about the brunt they've had in the background of their lives, and decided that none of them would ally, none of them would have children. And that's a pact they've kept to this twenty-four hour period."^[85] Though none of Stuart-Houston's sons had children, his son Alexander, a social worker as of 2002, said that reverse to this speculation, at that place was no intentional pact to cease the Hitler bloodline.^[86]

List of family members [edit]

• Adolf Hitler (1889–1945)
• Eva Braun (1912–1945), wife
• Alois Hitler Sr. (1837–1903), begetter
• Klara Hitler (1860–1907), mother
• Alois Hitler Jr. (né Matzelsberger) (1882–1956), elder half-brother
• Angela Hitler (1883–1949), elder half-sister
• Iv of Adolf's siblings died in infancy or early childhood of illnesses:

• Gustav Hitler (1885–1887), died of diphtheria^{[20] [21] [22]}
• Ida Hitler (1886–1888), died of diphtheria^{[20] [21] [22]}
• Otto Hitler (1887–1887)^{[20] [21] [22]}
• Edmund Hitler (1894–1900), died of measles

• Paula Hitler (1896–1960), younger sister and simply full sibling to survive into machismo
• Bridget Dowling (1891–1969), sister-in-law
• Geli Raubal (1908–1931), niece
• Gretl Braun (1915–1987), sis-in-law through Hitler'due south spousal relationship to Eva Braun
• Heinz Hitler (1920–1942), nephew
• Ilse Braun (1909–1979), sister-in-law through Hitler'due south union to Eva Braun
• Johann Georg Hiedler (1792–1857), presumed paternal grandfather
• Johann Nepomuk Hiedler (1807–1888), maternal not bad-granddad, presumed bully uncle, and possibly Hitler's truthful paternal grandpa
• Leo Raubal Jr (1906–1977), nephew
• Maria Schicklgruber (1795–1847), paternal grandmother
• Johanna Hiedler (1830–1906), maternal grandmother
• William Patrick Hitler (1911–1987), nephew, built-in in Liverpool, England

Hitler family unit tree [edit]

Note: For simplicity, the offset (childless) spousal relationship of Alois Hitler (b. 1837) to Anna Glasl-Hörer has been excluded, as take any marriages that may accept occurred after 1945.

Braun family tree [edit]

Note: For simplicity, the 2nd marriages after 1945 of Ilse and Gretl have been excluded.

References [edit]

Informational notes

1. ^ Toland (1976), pp.4–5
2. ^ Run across Toland (1976), pp.246–47; Kershaw (1999), pp.8–ix. Toland'south conclusion is based on the research of Nikolaus Preradovic, University of Graz, who examined the books of the Jewish congregation at Graz and ended that prior to 1856 there had not been "one single Jew" in Graz since the 15th century. Kershaw concludes that, whoever the actual father of Alois may have been, he was not a Jew from Graz.
3. ^ "Hitler – No proof of Aryan descent". Der Spiegel. Information technology is articulate that Adolf Hitler could hardly accept been able to provide proof of Aryan ancestry, which he demanded of most Germans, for his ain person. His paternal grandpa is unknown.
4. ^ Alois petitioned the church for an episcopal impunity citing "bilateral affinity in the 3rd caste touching the second" to depict his rather complicated family relationship to Klara. The local bishop apparently believed this relationship was likewise shut to approve on his own say-so, so he forwarded the petition to Rome on behalf of Alois, seeking instead a papal dispensation, which was canonical before the birth of the couple's first kid. See Rosenbaum article.
5. ^ In 2016, Florian Kotanko, a Braunau am Inn headmaster with an interest in local history just no expertise in the subject, claimed that Otto Hitler was born on June 17, 1892 – afterward Adolf Hitler'southward nativity – and then died six days later from hydrocephalus, a swelling of the brain. This was reported in "Oberoesterreichische Nachrichten" ("Upper Austrian News"), a local paper, and the study was picked up by Reuters, but has not been circulated past other news sources, nor accept their been scholarly papers confirming the new date.
   • Staff (May 30, 2016) "Hitler's older brother was in fact younger and died early on, historian says" Reuters
   • "Mag. Florian Kotanko" Business firm of Responsibility - Braunau am Inn (translated)
   • "Otto Hitler" "date of birth" Google Scholar search
   • "Otto Hitler" "June 17, 1892" Google Scholar search

Citations

1. ^ Kershaw (1999), p.4
2. ^ Ian Kershaw (25 Oct 2001). Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris. Penguin Books Limited. p. 7. ISBN978-0-xiv-192579-0.
3. ^ Udolph, Jürgen Udolph & Fitzek, Sebastian (2005) Professor Udolphs Buch der Namen: Woher sie kommen, was sie bedeuten Munich: C. Bertelsmann.
4. ^ Jetzinger, Franz (1976) [1956]. Hitler's Youth. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, p.32. ISBN 978-0-8371-8617-7.
5. ^ ^{a b} See, e.g., Adolf Hitler's online family unit tree (1998, drawn by Jennifer Rosenberg) at about.com, Online Family Tree. Family trees can also be establish in various Hitler biographies; e.thousand. run into Toland (1976), pp.ten–xi; Kershaw (1999), p.five.
6. ^ Jeremy Roberts (one February 2001). Adolf Hitler: A Study in Hate . The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 8–. ISBN978-0-8239-3317-4.
7. ^ Kershaw 1999, pp. iii–five.
8. ^ ^{a b} Kershaw 1999, p. 4.
9. ^ Kershaw 1999, p. five.
10. ^ "Facts and Lies about Hitler". Nazi political party. 1932.
11. ^ Hitler'due south Vienna: A Portrait of the Tyrant every bit a Young man By Brigitte Hamann, page 42.
12. ^ Toland (1976), p.four
13. ^ Hamann, Brigitte & Mommsen, Hans (three August 2010). Hitler's Vienna: A Portrait of the Tyrant As a Young Human being. Tauris Parke Paperbacks. pp. 50–. ISBN978-i-84885-277-8.
14. ^ McKale, DOnald (16 December 2011). Nazis After Hitler: How Perpetrators of the Holocaust Cheated Justice and Truth. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 147–. ISBN978-1-4422-1318-0.
15. ^ "Zeitgeschichte/Hitler-Abstammung: Dichte Inzucht". Der Spiegel. 24 July 1967.
16. ^ Fest, Joachim C. (1999). The Face of the 3rd Reich. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN978-0-306-80915-vi.
17. ^ "OSS Psychological Profile of Hitler, Part Four". nizkor.org. Archived from the original on eight Oct 1999.
18. ^ Gunther, John (1940). Within Europe. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 22.
19. ^ ^{a b} Langer, Walter (1972). The Mind of Adolf Hitler, New York, p. 114
20. ^ ^{a b c d} Kershaw 1999, p. x.
21. ^ ^{a b c d} Ullrich 2017, p. 17.
22. ^ ^{a b c d} Toland 1976, pp. 7, 10–11.
23. ^ Kershaw 2008, pp. 13, xiv.
24. ^ ^{a b} Kershaw 2008, pp. 15, sixteen.
25. ^ Hauner, Milan (1983). Hitler: a chronology of his life and time. London: Macmillan. ISBN0-333-30983-9.
26. ^ Zdral, Wolfgang (2005). Die Hitlers. Campus Verlag GmbH. p. 104. ISBN3-593-37457-ix.
27. ^ McCarthy, Tony (1992) "Hitler: His Irish Relatives" Irish Roots magazine. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
28. ^ "cicero.de/97". Archived from the original on 22 September 2009.
29. ^ ^{a b} Kershaw 1999, p. ninety.
30. ^ Weber 2010, pp. 12–13.
31. ^ Weber 2010, p. xvi.
32. ^ Kershaw 2008, p. 53.
33. ^ Kershaw 2008, p. 54.
34. ^ Weber 2010, p. 100.
35. ^ ^{a b} Shirer 1960, p. 30.
36. ^ Kershaw 2008, p. 59.
37. ^ Bullock 1962, p. 52.
38. ^ Kershaw 1999, p. 96.
39. ^ Steiner 1976, p. 392.
40. ^ Jamieson 2008.
41. ^ Kershaw 2008, p. 57.
42. ^ Kershaw 2008, p. 58.
43. ^ Kershaw 2008, pp. 59, lx.
44. ^ Kershaw 1999, p. 97.
45. ^ Kershaw 1999, p. 102.
46. ^ Kershaw 2008, pp. 61, 62.
47. ^ Keegan 1987, pp. 238–240.
48. ^ Bullock 1962, p. 60.
49. ^ Kershaw 2008, pp. 61–63.
50. ^ Kershaw 2008, p. 96.
51. ^ Kershaw 2008, pp. fourscore, 90, 92.
52. ^ Bullock 1999, p. 393.
53. ^ Kershaw 2008, p. 177.
54. ^ ^{a b c} Görtemaker 2011, p. 43.
55. ^ ^{a b c} Kershaw 2008, p. 219.
56. ^ Kershaw 2008, p. 220.
57. ^ Görtemaker 2011, p. 13.
58. ^ Kershaw 2008, p. 218.
59. ^ Kershaw 2008, p. 221.
60. ^ Langer, Walter (1972). The Mind of Adolf Hitler, New York 1972 pp. 122–123
61. ^ Rosmus, Anna (2015) Hitlers Nibelungen. Grafenau: Samples. p.45
62. ^ Deighton, Len (1987). Winter: a novel of a Berlin family. New York: Knopf. p. 464. ISBN0-394-55177-X.
63. ^ Hauner, Milan (1983). Hitler: A Chronology of his Life and Time. London: Macmillan. p. 181. ISBN0-333-30983-9.
64. ^ Elliott, Mark R. (1982). Pawns of Yalta: Soviet refugees and America's part in their repatriation. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. p. 185. ISBN0-252-00897-ix.
65. ^ Bailey, Ronald Albert (1981). Prisoners of War. Alexandria, Va.: Fourth dimension-Life Books. p. 123. ISBN0-8094-3391-5.
66. ^ Tolstoy, Nikolai (1978). The Secret Betrayal. New York: Scribner. p. 296. ISBN0-684-15635-0.
67. ^ Interrogation 2 with Paula Hitler Archived 21 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
68. ^ Beevor 2002, p. 342.
69. ^ Kershaw 2008, p. 955.
70. ^ ^{a b} "Interview with Paula Wolff". Archived from the original on 16 Feb 2007. Retrieved 5 March 2013. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL condition unknown (link)
71. ^ Staff (19 Dec 1997). "Russia pardons alleged Hitler kin". Jewish News of Northern California . Retrieved 4 May 2013.
72. ^ "Hitler relatives vindicated". The Independent. Associated Printing. 7 April 1998. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
73. ^ Staff (18 July 1998). "Hitler Relatives Allegedly Arrested". Associated Press. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
74. ^ Evans, R.J., The Third Reich in History and Memory. Oxford University Press.
75. ^ Rosmus, Anna (2015) Hitlers Nibelungen.Grafenau: Samples. p.46
76. ^ "Paula Hitler". The Washington Post. Associated Press. 3 June 1960. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 May 2008. Berchtesgaden, Germany (AP) Paula Hitler, sis of Adolph Hitler, died Wed, according to police.
77. ^ Peter Allen (17 February 2012). "Hitler had son with French teen". The Daily Telegraph . Retrieved 22 February 2012.
78. ^ Wordsworth, Araminta (17 Feb 2012). "Is Jean-Marie Loret Hitler'south long-lost son?". National Post . Retrieved 29 March 2012.
79. ^ Korrektur einer Biographie. Adolf Hitler, 1908–1920 [Emendation of a Biography. Adolf Hitler, 1908–1920], Munich, 1989, pp. 162–64
80. ^ Hitler 1889–1936: Hubris; Vol. i, note 116 to Affiliate iii
81. ^ "Did Hitler Accept a Hugger-mugger Son? Evidence Supports Alleged Son's Claims". ABC News.
82. ^ Rosenbaum, Ron (8 July 2014). Explaining Hitler. Da Capo Press. p. 123–. ISBN978-0306823183.
83. ^ "William Patrick Stuart-Houston (Hitler)".
84. ^ "Hitler's family tree" (PDF).
85. ^ "The End of Hitler's Family Line – The Pact Between the Sons of Hitler'south Nephew Never to Have Children". 15 October 2013.
86. ^ Gardner, David (24 October 2017). "Getting to know the Hitlers". The Daily Telegraph.

Bibliography

• Beevor, Antony (2002). Berlin: The Downfall 1945. London: Viking-Penguin Books. ISBN978-0-670-03041-5.
• Bullock, Alan (1962) [1952]. Hitler: A Study in Tyranny. London: Penguin Books. ISBN978-0-14-013564-0.
• Bullock, Alan (1999) [1952]. Hitler: A Study in Tyranny. New York: Konecky & Konecky. ISBN978-1-56852-036-0.
• Görtemaker, Heike B. (2011). Eva Braun: Life with Hitler. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN978-0-307-59582-9.
• Jamieson, Alastair (19 November 2008). "Nazi leader Hitler really did take only one ball". The Daily Telegraph . Retrieved 27 May 2011.
• Keegan, John (1987). The Mask of Command: A Study of Generalship. London: Pimlico. ISBN978-0-7126-6526-1.
• Kershaw, Ian (1999). Hitler 1889–1936: Hubris. W. W. Norton. ISBN0-393-04671-0.
• Kershaw, Ian (2008). Hitler: A Biography. New York: W. Westward. Norton. ISBN978-0-393-06757-half dozen.
• Maser, Werner (1973). Hitler: Legend, Myth and Reality. Penguin Books Ltd. ISBN0-06-012831-iii.
• Shirer, William Fifty. (1960). The Rise and Autumn of the Third Reich. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN978-0-671-62420-0.
• Smith, Bradley F. (1967). Adolf Hitler: His Family, Childhood and Youth. Hoover Instituted. ISBN0-8179-1622-9.
• Steiner, John Michael (1976). Power Politics and Social Change in National Socialist Federal republic of germany: A Process of Escalation into Mass Destruction. The Hague: Mouton. ISBN978-90-279-7651-ii.
• Toland, John (1976). Adolf Hitler: The Definitive Biography . Doubleday. ISBN978-0-385-42053-two.
• Ullrich, Volker (2017). Hitler: Ascent 1889-1939. Translated by Jefferson Chase. New York: Vintage. ISBN978-ane-101-87205-5.
• Vermeeren, Marc (2007). De jeugd van Adolf Hitler 1889–1907 en zijn familie en voorouders (in Dutch). Soesterberg: Uitgeverij Aspekt. pp. 420 blz. ISBN978-90-5911-606-1.
• Weber, Thomas (2010). Hitler's First War: Adolf Hitler, The Men of the List Regiment, and the First World War. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-923320-5.

Further reading

• Fest, Joachim C. (1973). Hitler. Verlag Ullstein. ISBN0-fifteen-141650-8.

External links [edit]

• Newspaper clippings about Hitler family in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW

forsmananiffeepull.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitler_family

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