Тексты по теме «Экология & Экологические проблемы» для активизации лексики при подготовке к экзамену. Тексты даются в порядке по возрастанию сложности. Предварительно рекомендуется повторить английские слова по теме «Ecology. Ecological Problems».

Содержание:

  1. Text №i «Aid wild animals»
  2. Text №2 «Climatic changes»
  3. Text №3 «Environmental bug» (for pre-intermediate)
  4. Text №4 «Light-green peace»
  5. Text №5 «Light-green fuel»
  6. Text №6 «Ecological issues»
  7. Text №7  «Protection of the environs in Russia»
  8. Text №viii «Environmental issues» (for upper-intermediate)
  9. Summary (Выводы)
  10. Questions

Texts on the topic «Ecologу. Ecological Problems»

Texts on the topic "Ecologу. Ecological Problems"

Text 1. Aid Wild animals

I think it is necessary to help wild animals. Many of them are in danger now. For example, pandas which live in the jungle and white bears which alive in the Arctic.

White bears consume fish. If people pollute rivers and seas, animals die.

All woods are habitation to animals and birds. It is important to take care of them. If trees are damaged and flowers and grass are cut, birds and animals will get instinct.

Each of us can do something to help nature. We must non frighten animals and birds. We must never break plants or baby trees.

There are a lot of ways to help our planet. We must accept care of it.

Questions:

  1. How does the growth of cities influence nature?
  2. How tin people help wildlife?

Text 2. Climatic Changes

Words:

  1. carbon dioxide — углекислый газ
  2. oxygen — кислород
  3. oestrus – тепло
  4. to arrive — пропускать
  5. to go out — выпускать

Climate is a weather a certain place has over a long menstruation of fourth dimension. Climate has a very of import influence on plants, animals and humans and is different in different parts of the world.

Merely recently the climate has inverse a lot, particularly in Europe. Scientists recollect that the reason is greenhouse result. It is acquired by carbon dioxide (углекислый газ). Carbon dioxide is produced when we burn things. Besides people and animals breathe in oxygen and exhale out carbon dioxide. Every bit you know, trees accept this gas from air and produce oxygen . Just in the last few years people have cutting downward and burn large areas of rainforest. This means that there are fewer trees and more carbon dioxide.

This gas in the atmosphere works like glass in a greenhouse. Information technology lets heat make it, but it doesn't allow much estrus get out. So the atmosphere becomes warmer.

Greenhouse consequence is sometimes chosen global warming.

Questions:

  1. What is climate like?
  2. What practise y'all know nearly greenhouse effect?
  3. What role does carbone dioxide play in the process of global warming?

Text 3. Environmental issues (for pre-intermediate)

Words:

  1. severely polluted — сильно загрязнены
  2. harmful substances  — вредные вещества

We are the caretakers of the earth. We know that polluted air, h2o and land are harmful to plants, animals and people. In Russia there a lot of regions which are severely polluted. Information technology is plants that pollute our atmosphere with tons of harmful substances. These are very dangerous wastes. They go into the air and are carried by winds for smashing distances.

60% of the air pollution is caused by dissimilar means of transport: cars, trucks, buses.

So nosotros must remember that when nosotros apply aerosol sprays, nosotros destroy the ozone layer which protects the Earth from the dangerous ultraviolet rays of the sun.

The list of serious ecology problems can be connected …..

Questions:

  1. What kinds of pollution can y'all name?
  2. What is the main source of air pollution?
  3. What do you know about the ozone layer?

Text 4. Green Peace

Light-green Peace is an international environmental organisation which fights against the pollution of the environs. It was founded in 1969 by a group of Canadian environmentalists. Members of Green Peace appear in the places where the environment is endangered. They e'er deed fast.

The world knows about the Green Peace action to stop hunting whales or killing baby seals. They block the style to the ships that effort to dump waste, and work difficult to create a nuclear-free world.

The activeness of Green Peace often annoys governments, companies and people who don't care well-nigh the futurity of the earth.

Green Peace has offices in many countries, including Russia. People, who tin can't accept office in Green Peace deportment directly back up this system with money.

Light-green Peace members are oftentimes called "greens". The "greens" are group of people whose aim is protection of natural things, e.one thousand. plants and animals.

Questions:

  1. How can nosotros save the earth'due south wildlife?
  2. What practise you lot know virtually Green Peace?
  3. Would yous like to join the organization?

Text 5. Light-green Fuel

Words:

  1. fuel — топливо
  2. biotechnology [ˌbaɪəutek'nɔləʤɪ] – биотехнология
  3. environmentally friendly — экологически чистый
  4. to derive from– получать, извлекать
  5. emission – выделение
  6. to penetrate — завоевывать, проникать
  7. finite – ограниченный, исчерпаемый
  8. fossil – ископаемое

A new depression-cost fuel is being adult past a biotechnology visitor. It is called biobutanol and is expected to be the best environmentally friendly fuel for transport.

Butanol is derived from waste matter constitute material (biomass) and is an bonny replacement for petrol.

It reduces not simply CO2 emissions merely also our dependence on finite fossil fuels.

The Great britain's Minister for Science said: "The development of biofuels is expected to play a major part in reducing transport emissions. Climate change is a huge global problem. Nosotros believe the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland must put its best efforts towards developing the new technologies."

Questions:

  1. How tin people relieve nature resources?
  2. What is the most promising fuel of the hereafter?
  3. Why is butanol environmentally-friendly?

Text 6. Ecological Issues

Ecology is a science which studies the relationship betwixt all forms of life on our planet and the surroundings.

Since ancient times Nature has served Man, giving him everything he needs: air to breathe, food to swallow, water to drink, wood for building and fuel for heating his dwelling house.  For thousands of years people lived in harmony with the environs and it seemed to them that the resources of Nature had no end or limit.

With the industrial revolution our negative influence on Nature began to increment.  Big cities with thousands of polluting plants and factories tin be plant nowadays all over the earth. They pollute the air we breathe, the water we potable, the fields where our crops are grown. Big cities suffer from smog. Cars with their engines accept become the main source of polluting in industrial countries.

Vast forests are cutting down everywhere for the needs of industries. Every bit a result many kinds of animals, birds, fish and plants are disappearing nowadays.

The pollution of the air and the world'southward oceans and the thinning the ozone layer are the other bug arising from men's careless attitude to ecology.

Active measures should be taken to save the life on our planet. There is an international organization called Greenpeace which is doing much to preserve the environment.

Questions to the text on ecological issues:

  1. Why are the wild animals in danger?
  2. What climatic changes are the nearly threatening?
  3. Is there whatsoever way to brand our air cleaner
  4. What is Green Peace?
  5. What are the main ecological problems?

Text seven. Protection of the Environment in Russia

At that place are many large and small rivers, green forests, high mountains, lakes and seas in Russian federation. At that place are a lot of industrial enterprises in our state, that'southward why we can't ignore the trouble of the protection of our environment. In Russia and one-time Soviet republics there are some areas where the environs is in poor state. Information technology is the Aral Sea, Lake Baikal and Chernobyl. We have to control atmospheric and water pollution, to report human being's influence on the climate.

The pollution of the environment influences the life of animals, plants and human life. If we don't use chemicals in a proper style nosotros'll pollute our environment. Our plants and factories put their waste material materials into h2o and atmosphere and pollute the environment. There are many kinds of transport in our big cities, that 's why we must pay attending to the protection of our nature and the wellness of the people.

Now radiation has get one of the principal issues. It is not adept for health of people. Many people died from radiation some years ago in Chernobyl. It was a tragedy.

Another trouble is earthquakes. We know some terrible earthquakes in the earth. Our scientists try to forecast earthquakes, then we tin protect ourselves from them.

The people all over the world practice everything to protect nature, to make their country richer, to make their life happier. We demand to haves laws and decisions on this important subject area.

Text viii. Environmental problems (for upper-intermediate)

Words:

  1. exceptionally – исключительно
  2. interference – вмешательство
  3. degree — степень
  4. involve – вовлекать
  5. industrial enterprises –промышленные предприятия
  6. in addition to – в добавление к
  7. nowadays — представлять
  8. a threat – угроза
  9. a source – источник

The present environmental issues have become uncommonly urgent. If many years ago people lived in harmony with the environment, today their interference in the Nature has reached such a caste that information technology becomes dangerous for their lives.  And if the same tendencies remain for the adjacent years, our planet will presently go uninhabited. The ecological issues are not the problems of a single isolated country. They are global in graphic symbol and involvdue east all countries in the world.  The ecological problems accept much in common. The main problem is pollution. It is non a secret that  every year more than and more industrial enterprises are built.

And they have a very bad effect on the environment. They pollute the air nosotros breathe, the water we potable and the land that grain and vegetables grow on.

In improver to air pollution people upset the oxygen balance of our planet because people cutting downward forests and wood. One of the virtually dangerous things is radiations. In that location is a greаt number of nuclear ability stations. They accept many advantages for the industry, but they nowadays a threat for the life.

Nature is a source of our life and destroying it we destroy ourselves. People forget that natural resources are not countless even though they seem unlimited. Nature has enough resource for the present generation. But their corporeality becomes less with every year. To protect nature is a duty of all people.

Я надеюсь, что данные тексты по теме «Environmental. Ecological bug» помогут вам подготовиться к экзамену по английскому языку. Тексты взяты из разных источников.

Summary (Выводы:)

I.The chief environmental problems are the source of the Man's activity. They are water pollution, air pollution, land pollution and atmospheric change.

  • Water pollution, which is acquired by plants & factories, by testing nuclear weapons, dumping industrial waste.

ПРИМЕР. Thousands of fish die every yr as a result of the illegal dumping of waste.

  • Air pollution, which is caused both by buses and cars and also by plants and factories.

ПРИМЕР. One of the effects of air pollution is acid pelting. It is damaging to water, forests and soil resources. It is blamed for disappearance of fish from many lakes, for the broad-spread decease of forests in European mountains.

  • Land pollution, which is caused by radioactive waste, dumps (свалки), dirty water, fertilizers, pesticides.

ПРИМЕР It is interesting to know that the main source of pollution are children under 2 years onetime, considering every second a "pampers" is dumped.

  • Atmospheric change which leads to climatic changes (because of the greenhouse issue), the increasing radiation from the sun (because the ozone layer is thinning).

Груды памперсов, скопились на Британских островах. Они не разлагаются в земле (процесс занимает около 100 лет) Чтобы бороться с этой проблемой, правительство стало доплачивать женщинам, которые пользуются обычными пеленками или бумажными подгузниками. Уже накопившиеся памперсы решили сжигать на специальных предприятиях. Ученые заверяют, что смогут уменьшить выбросы в атмосферу с помощью специальных очистных фильтров. Но стоит ли верить, что можно будет избежать загрязнения воздуха?


Ii.Nowadays there is a bang-up take a chance of ecological disasters. It is nuclear pollution and leak of radiations.

  • Nuclear pollution (=radioactive contamination), which is caused by nuclear power stations if they go wrong. Such nuclear accident happened in Chernobyl. In 1986 the Chernobyl nuclear power station suffered a fire, which causes radioactive contamination of a lot of regions. As a outcome many people died, those who had survived suffered terrible deceases till the end of their life.
  • Leak of radiation as a result of improper nuclear-waste disposal (утечка радиации из-за неправильного захоронения ядерных отходов)

III. Destruction of wildlife & countryside beauty also takes place . The fundamental problems are:

  • mass-tourism — массовый туризм
  • cutting down forests — вырубка
  • poaching — браконьерство

People need wood for edifice piece of furniture. Every solar day  they utilise paper and cardboard, which is besides fabricated from wood. But every twenty-four hours some species (kinds) of animals and plants disappear from the Earth. It's the result of the pollution air, land and water. Also some animals are hunted for the sake of fur, ivory, horns or tusks. More that, cutting down trees people have turned the areas of thick forest into deserts. The animals simply have no place to live as their habitats are destroyed.

Questions on the topic «Ecological bug»

  1. What tin can common people do to protect nature (to stop pollution)? / What measures should be taken to protect nature?
  2. What can you personally practice to assist nature?
  3. Why is it dangerous to pollute state?
  4. What can pollution of air and water lead to?
  5. What tin can you say near global warming?
  6. What do you lot know about Green Peace?
  7. Why are the nuclear power stations and then dangerous for people? What do you know about Chernobyl?
  8. Why are forests of import for life on the Globe?
  9. What are the main ecological problems nowadays?
  10. What must people exercise to protect wild animals?
  11. Do yous think that life was improve in the past (the air was cleaner, the water was purer)?
  12. What may happen to our planet if our interference in the Nature remains the same?
  13. What are advantages and disadvantages of the industrial progress?
  14. What is the dramatic result of cutting down forests and forest?
  15. What would y'all suggest to attract people to the problems of pollution and ecology?
  16. What can you say nearly the present ecological situation? Is the problem of ecology protection urgent today?
  17. What does nature give to homo?
  18. How is the trouble solved today?
  19. Is acid pelting dissentious to nature?
  20. What exercise you lot know about radioactive contamination of surround?
  21. Why practise some species of animals and plants disappear from the World?
  22. What cause the "greenhouse effect"?
  23. Has anything been washed to solve ecological bug?
  24. What does the ozone layer protect the Earth from?
  25. Where does the carbon dioxide come up from?

ОТВЕТЫ:

i. What can common people practice to protect nature?

  • to cease pollution ( utilise filters, recycle waste matter, develop new technologies)
  • to save natural resources
  • to accept care of nature ( non to cutting down forests, etc.)

People must do something! For example, to protect water people brand special filters and air purifiers. People must collect waste material properly then it does non get into h2o or land and also recycle. There is a adept formula of RRR. It is Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.

But I think the best solution is to develop technologies which produce no waste. At that place are as well some alternatives to cleaners and pesticides, soda, for example. Too solar free energy  can be used instead of fossil fuels (ископаемое топливо).

People too should not cutting down forests and other plants. To protect animals they must organize National parks and Wild fauna reservations.

Nuclear bombs testing must be stopped to preclude radioactive contagion of the temper.

2. What can you personally do to assistance nature?

To protect nature people should change their attitude to it. Man should terminate taking everything he needs. It is good that at last people start to realize that they should keep air and water clean. Efforts are made to reduce pollution from auto engines. What can we common people do? I think the starting time and the simplest affair is to keep our environs make clean, articulate away the rubbish after yourselves, be careful with the fire.  The other affair that we should cultivate a sense of duty in our children, in our youth to have care of our nature, our planet.

We can reduce the usage of electricity and drinking h2o. For example, when you lot clean your teeth and let the water run, you lose ii or three liters of water. Now multiply 3 liters by the number of people in our city and yous will run into that information technology is a lot. But we can stop it if we switch off the h2o. We tin can reduce the usage of packing and ownership things in plastic packs. It is important because information technology is very hard to recycle plastic. If nosotros reuse plastic bags, the factories will produce less of them and will harm Nature less.

In short: I tin reduce the usage of gas, electricity and h2o. I can reuse many things (clothes, for example), newspaper, bottles.

 3. Why i due south information technology dangerous to pollute land?

We swallow plants, but if the land is polluted, the plants become poisonous. If we eat them, we ruin our health. The aforementioned is with water.

four. What can pollution of air and h2o lead to?

four. What tin can yous say about global warming?

Over the past two decades the temperature of the Globe's temper has gradually increased. Global warming is ane of the climatic furnishings of polluted air. It worries a lot of people. If the temperature rises, the Arctic ice will melt and cover the land.

5. What do you know about Green Peace?

Light-green Peace organizes campaigns to protect Nature. Meet Text №4

half-dozen. Why are the nuclear power stations and so unsafe for people? What do you know about Chernobyl?

Nuclear power stations can went wrong and cause the radioactive contamination of the surroundings. Everyone remembers Chernobyl's disaster. There was a nuclear blow in 1986. Many people died from radiation there. Those who had survived suffered from terrible deceases for the rest of their lives.

7. Why are forests of import for life on the Globe?

They produce oxygen and give home for wild animals.

8. What are the primary ecological problems nowadays?

Run across the summary.

9. What must people do to protect wild animals?

To protect animals they must organize National parks and Wild life reservations.

10. D o you think that life was better in the past (the air was cleaner, the water was purer)?

11. What may happen to our planet if our interference in the Nature remains the same?

The ecological balance of our planet will exist broken. If pollution and contamination of land, h2o and air continues the impairment acquired past this to nature may get irreversible. If people carry on similar this, the world will eventually run out of energy, fresh air and clean water. Information technology tin can bring to the extermination of the people, and turning the whole planet into either a desert or the North Pole. People couldn't walk without special masks and had to purchase air to exhale. It would exist a disaster.

13. What are advantages and disadvantages of the industrial progress?

14. What is the dramatic result of cut down forests and woods?

xv. What would you suggest to concenter people to the bug of pollution and ecology?

16. What can you say most the present ecological situation? Is the problem of environmental protection urgent today?

Aye, the trouble of protection the nature is of main importance today. Through their daily activities people pollute and contaminate state, water and air. If information technology continues the damage may get irreversible. People accept always polluted their surroundings. But it was not a serious problem as long equally there was plenty space for people to live. Nowadays with the rise of advanced technology, the rapid spread of industrialization and the increase of human populations pollution has get a universal problem. The price for rapid industrial development is very high: natural resource are exhausted, the ecological balance of the planet is disturbed.

17. What does nature give to homo?

See text №six.

 18. How is the problem solved today?

There are some anti-pollution organizations. The most famous of them is Light-green peace.

The mass media often entrada against dissimilar acts of polluting nature. Numerous anti-pollution acts are passed in different countries.

19. Is acid rain damaging to nature?

One of the effects of air pollution is acid pelting. It is damaging to water, forests and soil resources. Information technology is blamed for disappearance of fish from many lakes, for the broad-spread death of forests in European mountains.

20. What do you lot know near radioactive contagion of environment?

Radioactive materials from nuclear weapons could crusade serious damage to environment.

Another concern is accidents at nuclear power plants. In 1986 the Chernobyl nuclear power plant near Kiev suffered a fire, resulting in a major release of radioactive particles.

21. Why practice some species of animals and plants disappear from the World?

The disappearance of some species is the result of the pollution air, land and h2o. Metropolis and industrial waters, chemicals and fertilizers endanger fish in the lakes, rivers and ponds. Moreover some animals were exterminated (истреблены) considering of people greediness.

These animals were hunted for the sake of  fur, ivory, horns or tusks. Also cutting downwardly trees people have turned the areas of thick forest into deserts. The animals simply take no identify to live.

22. What crusade the "greenhouse effect"?

The "greenhouse effect" is caused by carbon dioxide, which prevents heat from escaping. Global warming or the "greenhouse result" tin cause melting of the polar ice, raising of the ocean level and flooding of the coast areas of the globe.

23. Has anything been washed to solve ecological problems?

In recent years people have understood the necessity of protecting natural resources and wildlife. It becomes articulate that to keep air and water clean, strict pollution control is necessary. Numerous pollution acts passed in different countries. This led to considerable improvements. In many countries measures have been taken to protect rivers and seas from oil contagion, purifying systems for industrial h2o have been installed. Reservations and national parks for wild fauna and undisturbed nature are being adult in some parts of the globe.

24. What does the ozone layer protect the World from?

Information technology protects the Earth from space radiation. It is being destroyed because through many procedure  poisonous gases are thrown out into the air.

25. Where does the carbon dioxide come from?

  • We produce it when we burn things.
  • People and animals exhale in oxygen and exhale out carbon dioxide.
  • Copse have this gas from air and produce oxygen. But in the last few years people have cut downwards and burn big areas of rainforest. This means that there are fewer copse and more carbon dioxide.